homelab

vGhetto Automated vSphere Lab Deployment for vSphere 6.0u2 & vSphere 6.5

11/21/2016 by William Lam 83 Comments

For those of you who follow me on Twitter, you may have seen a few tweets from me hinting at a vSphere deployment script that I have been working on. This was something I had initially built for my own lab use but I figured it probably could benefit the larger VMware community, especially around testing and evaluational purposes. Today, I am please to announce the release of my vGhetto vSphere Lab Deployment (VVLD) scripts which leverages the new PowerCLI 6.5 release which is partly why I needed to wait until it was available before publishing.

There are literally hundreds if not more ways to build and configure a vSphere lab environment. Over the years, I have noticed that some of these methods can be quite complex simply due to their requirements, or incomplete as they only handle specific portion of the deployment or add additional constraints and complexity because they are composed of several other tools and scripts which can make it hard to manage. One of my primary goals for the project was to be able to stand up a fully functional vSphere environment, not just deploying a vCenter Server Appliance (VCSA) or a couple of Nested ESXi VMs, but rather the entire vSphere stack and have it fully configured and ready for use. I also wanted to develop the scripts using a single scripting language that was not only easy to use, so that others could enhance or extend it further but also with the broadest support into the various vSphere APIs. Lastly, as a stretch goal, I would love to be able to run this script across the different OS platforms.

With these goals in mind, I decided to build these scripts using the latest PowerCLI 6.5 release. Not only is PowerCLI super easy to use, but I was able to immediately benefit from some of the new functionality that was added in the latest PowerCLI release such as the native VSAN cmdlets which I could use a sub-set of the cmdlets against prior releases of vSphere like 6.0 Update 2 for example. Although, not all functionality in PowerCLI has been ported over to PowerCLICore, you can see where VMware is going with it and my hope is that in the very near future, what I have created can one day be executed across all OS platforms whether that is Windows, Linux or Mac OS X and potentially even ARM-based platforms 🙂

Changelog:

11/22/16
- Automatically handle Nested ESXi on vSAN
01/20/17
- Resolved "Another task in progress" thanks to Jason M
02/12/17
- Support for deploying to VC Target
- Support for enabling SSH on VCSA
- Added option to auto-create vApp Container for VMs
- Added pre-check for required files
02/17/17
- Added missing dvFilter param to eth1 (missing in Nested ESXi OVA)
02/21/17 (All new features added only to the vSphere 6.5 Std deployment)
- Support for deploying NSX 6.3 & registering with vCenter Server
- Support for updating Nested ESXi VM to ESXi 6.5a (required for NSX 6.3)
- Support for VDS + VXLAN VMkernel configuration (required for NSX 6.3)
- Support for "Private" Portgroup on eth1 for Nested ESXi VM used for VXLAN traffic (required for NSX 6.3)
- Support for both Virtual & Distributed Portgroup on $VMNetwork
- Support for adding ESXi hosts into VC using DNS name (disabled by default)
- Added CPU/MEM/Storage resource requirements in confirmation screen
04/18/18
- New version of the script vsphere-6.7-vghetto-standard-lab-deployment.ps1 to support vSphere 6.7
- Added support for vCenter Server 6.7, some of the JSON params have changed for consistency purposes which needed to be updated
- Added support for new Nested ESXi 6.7 Virtual Appliance (will need to download that first)
- vMotion is now enabled by default on vmk0 for all Nested ESXi hosts
- Added new $enableVervoseLoggingToNewShell option which spawns new PowerShell session to provide more console output during VCSA deploy. FR by Christian Mohn
- Removed dvFilter code, since thats now part of the Nested ESXi VA

Requirements:

1 x Physical ESXi host OR vCenter Server running at least ESXi 6.0 Update 2 or greater
PowerCLI 6.5 R1 installed on a Window system
Nested ESXi 6.0 or 6.5 Virtual Appliance OVA
vCenter Server Appliance (VCSA) 6.0 or 6.5 extracted ISO
NSX 6.3 OVA (optional)
- ESXi 6.5a offline patch bundle

Supported Deployments:

The scripts support deploying both a vSphere 6.0 Update 2 as well as vSphere 6.5 environment and there are two types of deployments for each:

Standard - All VMs are deployed directly to the physical ESXi host
Self Managed - Only the Nested ESXi VMs are deployed to physical ESXi host. The VCSA is then bootstrapped onto the first Nested ESXi VM

Below is a quick diagram to help illustrate the two deployment scenarios. The pESXi in gray is what you already have deployed which must be running at least ESXi 6.0 Update 2. The rest of the boxes is what the scripts will deploy. In the "Standard" deployment, three Nested ESXi VMs will be deployed to the pESXi host and configured with vSAN. The VCSA will also be deployed directly to the pESXi host and the vCenter Server will be configured to add the three Nested ESXi VMs into its inventory. This is a pretty straight forward and basic deployment, it should not surprise anyone. The "Self Managed" deployment is simliar, however the biggest difference is that rather than the VCSA being deployed directly to the pESXi host like the "Standard" deployment, it will actually be running within the Nested ESXi VM. The way that this deployment scenario works is that we will still deploy three Nested ESXi VM onto the pESXi host, however, the first Nested ESXi VM will be selected as a "Bootstrap" node which we will then construct a single-node vSAN to then deploy the VCSA. Once the vCenter Server is setup, we will then add the remainder Nested ESXi VMs into its inventory.

For most users, I expect the "Standard" deployment to be more commonly used but for other advanced workflows such as evaluating the new vCenter Server High Availability feature in vSphere 6.5, you may want to use the "Self Managed" deployment option. Obviously, if you select the latter deployment, the provisioning will take longer as you are now "double nested" and depending on your underlying physical resources, this can take quite a bit more time to deploy as well as consume more physical resources as your Nested ESXi VMs must now be larger to accommodate the VCSA. In both scenarios, there is no reliance on additional shared storage, they will both create a three node vSAN Cluster which of course you can expand by simply editing the script.

Deployment Time:

Here is a table breaking down the deployment time for each scenario and vSphere version:

Deployment Type	Duration
vSphere 6.5 Standard	36 min
vSphere 6.0 Standard	26 min
vSphere 6.5 Self Managed	47 min
vSphere 6.0 Self Managed	34 min

Obviously, your miles will vary based on your hardware configuration and the size of your deployment.

Scripts:

There are four different scripts which covers the scenarios we discussed above:

Instructions:

Please refer to the Github project here for detailed instructions.

Verification:

Once you have saved all your changes, you can then run the script. You will be provided with a summary of what will be deployed and you can verify that everything is correct before attempting the deployment. Below is a screenshot on what this would look like:

Sample Execution:

Here is an example of running a vSphere 6.5 "Standard" deployment:

Here is an example of running a vSphere 6.5 "Self Managed" deployment:

If everything is succesful, you can now login to your new vCenter Server and you should either see the following for a "Standard" deployment:

or the following for "Self Managed" deployment:

I hope you find these scripts as useful as I do and feel free to enhance these scripts to perform additional functionality or extend them to cover other VMware product deployments such as NSX or vRealize products for example. Enjoy!

Functional USB 3.0 Ethernet Adapter (NIC) driver for ESXi 5.5 & 6.0

03/28/2016 by William Lam 80 Comments

Earlier this month I wrote an article demonstrating a functional USB ethernet adapter for ESXi 5.1. This was made possible by using a custom built driver for ESXi that was created over three years ago by a user named Trickstarter. After having re-discovered the thread several years later, I had tried reaching out to the user but concluded that he/she has probably moved on given the lack of forum activity in the recent years. Over the last few weeks I have been investigating to see if it was possible to compile a new version of the driver that would function with newer versions of ESXi such as our 5.5 and 6.0 release.

UPDATE (02/12/19) - A new VMware Native Driver for USB-based NICs has just been released for ESXi 6.5/6.7, please use this driver going forward. If you are still on ESXi 5.5/6.0, you can continue using the existing driver but please note there will be no additional development in the existing vmklinux-based driver.

UPDATE (01/22/17) - For details on using a USB-C / Thunderbolt 3 Ethernet Adapter, please see this post here.

UPDATE (11/17/16) - New driver has been updated for ESXi 6.5, please find the details here.

After reaching out to a few folks internally, I was introduced to Songtao Zheng, a VMware Engineer who works on some of our USB code base. Songtao was kind enough to provide some of assistance in his spare time to help with this non-sanction effort that I was embarking on. Today, I am please to announce that we now have a functional USB ethernet adapter driver based on the ASIX AX88179 that works for both ESXi 5.5 and 6.0. This effort could not have been possible without Songtao and I just want to say thank you very much for all of your help and contributions. I think it is safe to say that the overall VMware community also thanks you for your efforts. This new capability will definitely enable new use cases for vSphere home labs that were never possible before when using platforms such as the Intel NUC or Apple Mac Mini for example. Thank you Songtao! I would also like to extend an additional thank you to Jose Gomes, one of my readers, who has also been extremely helpful with his feedback as well as assistance on testing the new drivers.

Now, Before jumping into the goods, I do want to mention there are a few caveats to be aware of and that I think it is important to understand them before making any purchasing decisions.

First and foremost, this is NOT officially supported by VMware, use at your own risk.
Secondly, we have observed there is a substantial difference in transfer speeds between Transmit (Egress) and Receive (Ingress) traffic which may or may not be acceptable depending on your workload. On Receive, the USB network adapter is performing close to a native gigabit interface. However, on Transmit, the bandwidth mysteriously drops by ~50% which includes very inconsistent transfer speeds. We are not exactly sure why this is the case, but given ESXi does not officially support USB based ethernet adapters, it is possible that the underlying infrastructure was never optimized for such devices. YMMV
Lastly, for the USB ethernet adapter to properly function, you will need a system that supports USB 3.0 which kind of makes sense for this type of a solution to be beneficial in the home lab. If you have a system with USB 2.0, the device will probably not work at least from testing that we have done.

Note: For those interested in the required source code changes to build the AX88179 driver, I have published all of the details on my Github repo here.

Disclaimer: In case you some how missed it, this is not officially supported by VMware. Use at your own risk.

Without further ado, here are the USB 3.0 gigabit ethernet adapters that are supported with the two drivers:

StarTech USB 3.0 to Gigabit Ethernet NIC Adapter
StarTech USB 3.0 to Dual Port Gigabit Ethernet Adapter NIC with USB Port
j5create USB 3.0 to Gigabit Ethernet NIC Adapter (verified by reader Sean Hatfield 03/29/16)
Vantec CB-U300GNA USB 3.0 Ethernet Adapter (verified by VMware employee 05/19/16)
DUB-1312 USB 3.0 Gigabit Ethernet Adapter (verified by twitter user George Markou 07/29/16)

Note: There may be other USB ethernet adapters that uses the same chipset which could also leverage this driver but these are the only two that have been verified.

Here are the ESXi driver VIB downloads:

Note: Although the drivers were compiled against a specific version of ESXi, they should also work on the same major version of ESXi, but I have not done that level of testing and YMMV.

Verify USB 3.0 Support

As mentioned earlier, you will need a system that is USB 3.0 capable to be able to use the USB ethernet adapter. If you are unsure, you can plug in a USB 3.0 device and run the following command to check:

lsusb

What you will be looking for is an entry stating "Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub" which shows that ESXi was able to detect a USB 3.0 port on your system. Secondly, look for the USB device you just plugged in and ensure the "Bus" ID matches that of the USB 3.0 bus. This will tell you if your device is being claimed as a USB 3.0 device. If not, you may need to update your BIOS as some systems may have USB 2.0 enabled by default like earlier versions of Intel NUC as desribed here. You may also be running pre-ESXi 5.5 which did not support USB 3.0 as mentioned here, so you may need to upgrade your ESXi host to at least 5.5 or greater.

Install Driver

You can either install the VIB directly onto your ESXi host or by creating a custom ESXi ISO that includes the driver using a popular tool like ESXi Customizer by Andreas Peetz.

To install the VIB, upload the VIB to your ESXi host and then run the following ESXCLI command specifying the full path to the VIB:

esxcli software vib install -v /vghetto-ax88179-esxi60u2.vib -f

Lastly, you will need to disable the USB native driver to be able to use this driver. To do so, run the following command:

esxcli system module set -m=vmkusb -e=FALSE

You will need to reboot for the change to go into effect.

To verify that the USB network adapter has been successfully claimed, run either of the following commands to list your physical NICs:

esxcli network nic list
esxcfg-nics -l

To add the USB uplink, you will need to either use the vSphere Web Client or ESXCLI to add the uplink to either a Virtual or Distributed Virtual Switch.

To do so using ESXCLI, run the following command and specify the name of your vSwitch:

esxcli network vswitch standard uplink add -u vusb0 -v vSwitch0

Uninstall Driver

To uninstall the VIB, first make sure to completely unplug the USB network adapter from the ESXi first. Next, run the following ESXCLI command which will automatically unload the driver and remove the VIB from your ESXi host:

esxcli software vib remove -n vghetto-ax88179-esxi60u2

Note: If you try to remove the VIB while the USB network adapter is still plugged in, you may hang the system or cause a PSOD. Simply reboot the system if you accidentally get into this situation.

Troubleshooting

If you are not receiving link on the USB ethernet adapter, it is most likely that your system does not support USB 3.0. If you find the a similar message like the one below in /var/log/vmkernel.log then you are probably running USB 1.0 or 2.0.

2016-03-21T23:30:49.195Z cpu6:33307)WARNING: LinDMA: Linux_DMACheckConstraints:138: Cannot map machine address = 0x10f5b6b44, length = 2 for device 0000:00:1d.7; reason = address exceeds dma_mask (0xffffffff))

Persisting USB NIC Configurations after reboot

ESXi does not natively support USB NIC and upon a reboot, the USB NICs are not picked up until much later in the boot process which prevents them from being associated with VSS/VDS and their respective portgroups. To ensure things are connected properly after a reboot, you will need to add something like the following in /etc/rc.local.d/local.sh which re-links the USB NIC along with the individual portgroups as shown in the example below.

esxcfg-vswitch -L vusb0 vSwitch0
esxcfg-vswitch -M vusb0 -p "Management Network" vSwitch0
esxcfg-vswitch -M vusb0 -p "VM Network" vSwitch0

esxcfg-vswitch -L vusb0 vSwitch0

esxcfg-vswitch -M vusb0 -p "Management Network" vSwitch0

esxcfg-vswitch -M vusb0 -p "VM Network" vSwitch0

You will also need to run /sbin/auto-backup.sh to ensure the configuration changes are saved and then you can issue a reboot to verify that everything is working as expected.

Summary

For platforms that have limited built-in networking capabilities such as the Intel NUC and Apple Mac Mini, customers now have the ability to add additional network interfaces to these systems. This will now open up a whole new class of use cases for vSphere based home labs that were never possible before, especially with solutions such as VSAN and NSX. I look forward to seeing what our customers can now do with these new networking capabilities.

Additional Info

Here are some additional screenshots testing the dual USB 3.0 ethernet adapter as well as a basic iPerf benchmark for the single USB ethernet adapter. I was not really impressed with the speeds for the dual ethernet adapter which I had shared some more info here. Unless you are limited on number of USB 3.0 ports, I would probably recommend just sticking with the single port ethernet adapter.

iPerf benchmark for Ingress traffic (single port USB ethernet adapter):

iPerf benchmark for Egress traffic (single port USB ethernet adapter):

Adding custom VSAN BIOS splash screen to the Intel NUC

03/06/2016 by William Lam 5 Comments

One of the last things I wanted to look into after setting up my new VSAN 6.2 home lab on the new 6th Gen Intel NUC was to add a custom BIOS splash screen giving my system a personal touch. Updating the BIOS splash screen would require flashing the BIOS itself which gave me some concerns after hearing about the BIOS v33 issue in which the M.2 slot would no longer be detected after the update. Although there was a simple workaround after the update, I still wanted to be cautious. Over the weekend I had noticed that Intel had released BIOS v36 for the Intel NUC which resolved the M.2 issue among a few others. I decided to give it a shot and hope that I that I do not brick my NUC.

I am happy to say that I was successful in updating to the latest Intel NUC BIOS and as you can see from the screenshot below, I was also able to replace the default Intel BIOS splash screen with a Captain VSAN BIOS splash screen (TV is 46" for those wondering) 🙂

The process for building and customizing your Intel NUC BIOS is relatively straight forward but because I waited until after I had everything installed, it ended up being a bit more work than I had hoped. To customize your BIOS, Intel provides a Microsoft Windows only utility called Intel Integrator Toolkit. The easiest way to build and update your BIOS is to initially start off by installing Microsoft Windows on the Intel NUC itself which then allows you to easily flash the BIOS using the executable that is generated from the toolkit. Since I had already consumed both of my SSDs for VMware VSAN and Microsoft Windows does not allow you to install its OS directly onto a USB device, I had to use this method here to install a bootable version of Microsoft Windows onto the USB device since I did not want to blow away my VSAN setup.

OK, so now onto the cool stuff. Below are the instructions on how to build and customize your BIOS for the Intel NUC. If you would like to use the exact same BIOS splash screen as well as update to the latest BIOS v36 and do not want to go through the hassle, I have made my custom VSAN BIOS image available here. You just need to download the executable and run it on the Intel NUC itself which must be running Microsoft Windows (I used 8.1) and then follow the screens on flashing your BIOS.

Step 1 - Download the following two packages and transfer them to Microsoft Windows image running on your NUC:

Step 2 - Install the Intel Integrator Toolkit and then start the program

Step 3 - Select the "Customize a BIOS file" option and load either the custom VSAN BIOS image which I have made available here OR load the NUC BIOS v36 file you had downloaded earlier.

Step 4 - In the lower left hand corner, browse for the graphic image that you wish to use for your BIOS splash screen (images with black background works the best). For those interested, you can find the Captain VSAN image that I had used here. The tool actually supports several image formats in addition to the default BMP such as JPEG and PNG, you just need to change the extension type. There is a size limitation, but the nice thing about the tool is that there is an option to compress the image when it detects it is too large. Make sure to change the image for the four different options by clicking on the drop down wizard. I thought I only had to replace the first image but it looks like other versions of the splash screen is also used and it is best to just replace them all. You also have the option of changing other default settings in the BIOS, feel free to click on the tooltip for details on each of the options.

Step 5 - Once you are done customizing your BIOS, you will then save your changes and the tool will produce a single Windows executable (SY0036.exe) which you will run on the NUC itself to flash the BIOS. You will be prompted with a couple of questions and once the process begins, it will restart and you will need to confirm one more time before the imaging process starts. If everything was successful, you should now see a new BIOS splash screen replacing the default Intel image. There is a good chance you may go through this process a few times depending if you are happy with the splash screen display. I think it took me about three tries. Hope this helps anyone looking to add that personal touch to their home lab!

VSAN 6.2 (vSphere 6.0 Update 2) homelab on 6th Gen Intel NUC

03/03/2016 by William Lam 33 Comments

As many of you know, I have been happily using an Apple Mac Mini for my personal vSphere home lab for the past few years now. I absolutely love the simplicity and the versatility of the platform to easily run a basic vSphere lab to being able to consume advanced capabilities of the vSphere platform like VMware VSAN or NSX for example. The Mac Mini's also supports more complex networking configurations by allowing you to add an additional network adapter which leverages the built-in Thunderbolt adapter which many other similar form factors lack. Having said that all that, one major limitation with the Mac Mini platform has always been the limited amount of memory it can support which is a maximum of 16GB (same limitation as other form factors in this space). Although it is definitely possible to run a vSphere lab with only 16GB of memory, it does limit you some what on what you can deploy which is challenging if you want to explore other solutions like VSAN, NSX and vRealize.

I was really hoping that Apple would have released an update to their Mac Mini platform last year that would include support for 32GB of memory, but instead it was a very minor update and was mostly a let down which you can read more about here. Earlier this year, I found out from fellow blogger Florian Grehl that Intel has just released their 6th generation of the Intel NUC which officially adds support for 32GB of memory. I have been keeping an eye on the Intel NUC for some time now but due to the same memory limitation as the Mac Mini, I had never considered it as viable option, especially given that I own a Mac Mini already. With the added support for 32GB of memory and the ability to house two disk drives (M.2 and 2.5"), this was the update I was finally waiting for to pull the trigger and refresh my home lab given 16GB was just not cutting it for the work I was doing anymore.

There have been quite a bit of interest in what I ended up purchasing for running VSAN 6.2 (vSphere 6.0 Update 2) which has not GA'ed ... yet and so I figure I would together a post with all the details in case others were looking to build a similar lab. This article is broken down into the following sections:

Bill of Materials (BOM)
Installation
VSAN Configuration
Final Word

Disclaimer: The Intel NUC is not on VMware's official Hardware Compatibility List (HCL) and there for is not officially supported by VMware. Please use this platform at your own risk.

Bill of Materials (BOM)

Below are the components with links that I used for my configuration which is partially based on budget as well as recommendations from others who have a similar setup. If you think you will need more CPU horsepower, you can look at the Core i5 (NUC6i5SYH) model which is slightly more expensive than the i3. I opted for an all-flash configuration because I not only wanted the performance but I also wanted to take advantage of the much anticipated Deduplication and Compression feature in VSAN 6.2 which is only supported with an all-flash VSAN setup. I also did not have a need for large amount of storage capacity, but you could also pay a tiny bit more for the exact same drive giving you a full 1TB if needed. If you do not care for an all-flash setup, you can definitely look at spinning rust which can give you several TB's of storage at a very reasonable cost. The overall cost of the system for me was ~$700 USD (before taxes) and that was because some of the components were slightly discounted through the use of a preferred retailer that my employer provided. I would highly recommend you check with your employer to see if you have similiar HR benefits as that can help with the cost if that is important to you. The SSDs actually ended up being cheaper on Amazon and so I ended up purchasing them there.

1 x Intel NUC 6th Gen NUC6i3SYH (supports 2 drives: M.2 & 2.5)
2 x Crucial 16GB DDR4
~~1 x Samsung 850 EVO 250GB M.2 for “Caching” Tier~~ (Thanks to my readers, decided to upgrade to 1 x Samsung SM951 NVMe 128GB M.2 for "Caching" Tier)
1 x Samsung 850 EVO 500GB 2.5 SATA3 for “Capacity” Tier

Installation

The installation of the memory and the SSDs on NUC was super simple. You just need a regular phillips screwdriver and there were four screws at the bottom of the NUC that you will need to unscrew. Once loosen, you just need to flip the NUC unit back on top while holding the bottom and slowly taking the top off. The M.2 SSD requires a smaller phillips screwdriver which you will need to unscrew before you can plug in the device. The memory just plugs right in and you should hear a click to confirm its inserted all the way. The 2.5" SSD just plugs into the drive bay which is attached to the top of the NUC casing. If you are interested in more details, you can find various unboxing and installation videos online like this one.

UPDATE (05/25/16): Intel has just released BIOS v44 which fully enables unleashes the power of your NVMe devices. One thing to note from the article is that you do NOT need to unplug the security device, you can just update BIOS by simply download the BIOS file and loading it onto a USB key (FAT32).

UPDATE (03/06/16): Intel has just released BIOS v36 which resolves the M.2 SSD issue. If you have updated using earlier versions, to resolve the problem you just need to go into the BIOS and re-enable the M.2 device as mentioned in this blog here.

One very important thing to note which I was warned about by a fellow user was NOT to update/flash to a newer version of the BIOS. It turns out that if you do, the M.2 SSD will fail to be detected by the system which sounds like a serious bug if you ask me. The stock BIOS version that came with my Intel NUC is SYSKLi35.86A.0024.2015.1027.2142 in case anyone is interested. I am not sure if you can flash back the original version but another user just informed me that they had accidentally updated the BIOS and now he can no longer see the M.2 device 🙁

For the ESXi installation, I just used a regular USB key that I had lying around and used the unetbootin tool to create a bootable USB key. I am using the upcoming ESXi 6.0 Update 2 (which has not been released ... yet) and you will be able to use the out of the box ISO that is shipped from VMware. There are no additional custom drivers that are required. Once the ESXi installation loads up, you can then install ESXi back onto the same ESXi USB key which it initially boot it up. I know this is not always common knowledge and as some may think you need an additional USB device to install ESXi. Ensure you do not install anything on the two SSDs if you plan to use VSAN as it requires at least (2 x SSD) or (1 x SSD and 1 x MD).

If you are interested in adding a bit of personalization to your Intel NUC setup and replace the default Intel BIOS splash screen like I have, take a look at this article here for more details.

If you are interested in adding additional network adapters to your Intel NUC via USB Ethernet Adapter, have a look at this article here.

VSAN Configuration

Bootstrapping VSAN Datastore:

If you plan to run VSAN on the NUC and you do not have additional external storage to deploy and setup things like vCenter Server, you have the option to "bootstrap" VSAN using a single ESXi node to start with which I have written in more detail here and here. This option allows you to setup VSAN so that you can deploy vCenter Server and then help you configure the remainder nodes of your VSAN cluster which will require at least 3 nodes unless you plan on doing a 2-Node VSAN Cluster with the VSAN Witness Appliance. For more detailed instructions on bootstrapping an all-flash VSAN datastore, please take a look at my blog article here.
If you plan to *ONLY* run a single VSAN Node which is possible but NOT recommended given you need a minimum of 3 nodes for VSAN to properly function. After the vCenter Server is deployed, you will need to update the default VSAN VM Storage Policy to ether allow "Forced Provisioning" or changing the FTT from 1 to 0 (e.g. no protection given you only have a single node). This will be required else you will run into provisioning issues as VSAN will prevent you from deploying VMs as it is expecting two additional VSAN nodes. When logged into the home page of the vSphere Web Client, click on "VM Storage Policies" icon and edit the "Virtual SAN Default Storage Policy" and change the following values as show in the screenshot below:

Installing vCenter Server:

If you are new to deploying the vCenter Server, VMware has a deployment guide which you can follow here.

Optimizations:

In addition, because this is for a home lab, my buddy Cormac Hogan has a great tip on disabling device monitoring as the SSD devices may not be on the VMware's official HCL and can potentially negatively impact your lab environment. The following ESXCLI command needs to be run once on each of the ESXi hosts in the ESXi Shell or remotely:

esxcli system settings advanced set -o /LSOM/VSANDeviceMonitoring -i 0

I also recently learned from reading Cormac's blog that there is also new ESXi Advanced Setting in VSAN 6.2 which allows VSAN to provision a VM swap object as "thin" versus "thick" which has been the historically default. To disable the use of "thick" provisioning, you will need to run the following ESXCLI command on each ESXi host:

esxcli system settings advanced set -o /VSAN/SwapThickProvisionDisabled -i 1

Lastly, if you plan to run Nested ESXi VMs on top of your physical VSAN Cluster, be sure to add this configuration change outlined in this article here, else you may see some strangeness when trying to create VMFS volumes.

Final Word

I have only had the NUC for a couple of days but so far I have been pretty impressed with the ease of setup and the super tiny form factor. I thought the Mac Mini's were small and portable, but the NUC really blows it out of the water. I was super happy with the decision to go with an all-flash setup, the deployment of the VCSA was super fast as you would expect. If I compare this to my Mac Mini which had spinning rust, for a portion of the VCSA deployment, the fan would go a bit psycho and you can feel the heat if you put your face close to it. I could barely feel any heat from the NUC and it was dead silent which is great as it sits in our living room. Like the Mac Mini, the NUC has regular HDMI port which is great as I can connect it directly to our TV and has plenty of USB ports which could come in handy if you wanted to play with VSAN using USB-based disks 😉

One neat idea that Duncan Epping had brought up in a recent chat with him was to run a 2-Node VSAN Cluster and have the VSAN Witness appliance running on a desktop or laptop. This would make for a very simple and affordable VSAN home lab without requiring a 3rd physical ESXi node. I had also thought about doing the same but instead of 2 NUCs, I would be combining my Mac Mini and NUC to form the 2-Node VSAN Cluster and then run the VSAN Witness on my iMac desktop which has 16GB of memory. This is just another slick way you can leverage this new and powerful platform to run a full blow VSAN setup. For those of you following my blog, I am also looking to see if there is a way to add a secondary network adapter to the NUC by the way of a USB 3.0 based ethernet adapter. I have already shown that it is definitely possible with older releases of ESXi and if this works, could make the NUC even more viable.

Lastly, for those looking for a more beefier setup, there are rumors that Intel maybe close to releasing another update to the Intel NUC platform code named "Skull Canyon" which could include a Quad-Core i7 (Broadwell based) along with supporting the new USB-c interface which would be able to run Thunderbolt 3. If true, this could be another option for those looking for a bit more power for their home lab.

A few folks had been asking what I plan to do with my Mac Mini now that I have my NUC. I probably will be selling it, it is still a great platform and has Core i7 which definitely helps with any CPU intensive tasks. It also supports two drives, so it is quite inexpensive to purchase another SSD as it already comes with one to setup an all-flash VSAN 6.2 setup. Below are the the specs and If you interested in the setup, feel free to drop me an email at info.virtuallyghetto [at] gmail [dot] com.

Mac Mini 5,3 (Late 2011)
Quad-Core i7 (262635QM)
16GB memory
1 x SSD (120GB) Corsair Force GT
1 x MD (750 GB) Seagate Momentus XT
1 x built-in 1Gbe Ethernet port
1 x Thunderbolt port
4 x USB ports
1 x HDMI
Original packaging available
VSAN capable
ESXi will install OOTB w/o any issues

Additional Useful Resources:

Working USB Ethernet Adapter (NIC) for ESXi

03/01/2016 by William Lam

As part of upgrading my personal vSphere home lab from an Apple Mac Mini to an Intel NUC (more on this in a future blog), I have been researching to see if there are other alternatives for adding an additional network adapter. The Intel NUC only includes a single built-in ethernet adapter which is similar to the Mac Mini. However, the NUC also lacks additional IO connectors like a Thunderbolt port which the Mac Mini includes and can support a Thunderbolt to Ethernet adapter. I think this is probably the only downside to the Intel NUC platform which has been similar feedback that I have seen from other vSphere home labbers who currently use or would like to use the NUC. Perhaps, with the next update of the NUC platform code named "Skull Canyon", the rumored Thunderbolt 3 / USB-c connector may make things easier as some of the existing vendors who produce Thunderbolt to ethernet adapter also use common drivers like the Broadcom tg3 which have historically worked with ESXi.

One option that has been suggested by many folks over the years was to see if a USB based ethernet adapter could be used to provide additional networking to ESXi? Historically, the answer had been no because there were no known device drivers that would work with ESXi. I had even looked into this a few years ago and although I ran into some folks who seemed to have made it work, I was never able to find the right USB ethernet adapter to personally confirm myself. It was only until last week, I decided to start fresh again and after a bit of Googling I came across an old VMTN thread here where VMTN user AK_____28 mentioned he had success with the StarTech USB 3.0 to Gigabit Ethernet NIC Network Adapter and using a custom compiled driver that was posted over here by another user named Trickstarter.

UPDATE (03/29/16) - Please have a look at this updated article here which includes ESXi 5.5 and 6.0 driver.

Disclaimer: In case it is not clear and apparent, you should never install any unknown 3rd party software on your ESXi host as it can potentially lead to instability issues or worse open yourself to a security hole. The following solution is not officially supported by VMware, please use at your own risk.

I decided to bite the bullet and give this solution a try and purchased the USB ethernet adapter from Amazon here.

There are two modules that needs to be downloaded, extracted and loaded onto ESXi. I have included the links below for your convenience:

ax88179vz026.gz
usbnetvz026.gz

As the VMTN thread mentioned, you can load using either the vmkload_mod or ESXCLI. Here are the two commands that I used in the following order:

vmkload_mod /vmfs/volumes/mini-local-datastore-1/usbnetvz026
vmkload_mod /vmfs/volumes/mini-local-datastore-1/ax88179vz026

When I tried to initially load either of the modules, I would always get the following error:

vmkwarning.log:2016-02-28T21:54:54.531Z cpu6:374787)WARNING: Elf: 2041: Load of <usbnetvz026> failed : missing required namespace <com.vmware.usb#9.2.1.0>

As you can imagine, I was pretty bummed to see this since I was afraid that something like this would happen. I was not sure if the device I had purchased no longer worked or if was the drivers? I saw that these modules were initially compiled for ESXi 5.1 (at the time, that was the latest version) and the only difference was that I was using a much newer version of ESXi, specifically 6.0 Update 1. I decided to install the latest version of ESXi 5.1 Update 3 and tried the process again and to my surprise, the modules loaded without errors. I suspect that this was a hard dependency on the namespace version which was version 9.2.1.0 and the latest version is now 9.2.3.0.

After successfully loading the two modules, I ran the following command:

esxcfg-nics -l

to verify that ESXi did in fact did claim the USB ethernet device and as you can see from the screenshot below, it did indeed!

Next up, I needed to verify basic connectivity and added the new uplink to my existing vSwitch. You must use the following ESXCLI command (esxcfg-vswitch command does not work apparently for non vmnicX devices)

esxcli network vswitch standard uplink add -u vusb0 -v vSwitch0

Once added, I hopped over to the vSphere C# Client to see if the device is now showing up under the Network Adapters tab, which it is.

Finally, the last test was to make the vsb0 (this is how ESXi names the device) device the active connection while moving my existing vmnic0 to stand-by. Networking connectivity continued to function and I was even able to transfer an ISO image over the USB ethernet adapter without any issues.

So it looks like it is possible to get a USB based ethernet adapter to function with ESXi, at least with the specific model listed above (PCI ID 0b95:1790). The challenge now is to see if there is a way to build an updated version of the drivers targeted at the latest ESXi 6.0 release. From what I have been able to follow on the forum here, it looks like there was also some amount of non-trivial code changes that were required to get the driver to function. If true, without those changes, it can difficult to re-compile the driver. I have reached out to the original author to see if he might be able to share the changes he made to the driver code. In the mean time, if folks are interested in giving the build process a try, Trickstarter did a great two part write up on how to setup your build environment and compile an example driver.

Although the write up is targeted at ESXi 5.x, you can download the equilvenet packages for ESXi 6.0 which includes the ESXi Open Source Disclosure Package as well as the VMware Toolchain which is required and used to compile the source code. I have provided the direct download links below.

You can also find the latest version of the USB ethernet adapter ax88179 ASIX driver here. I have also attempted to compile just the driver but have already ran into some issues. I have not had time to dig further, so not sure how far I will be able to get. Any tips or tricks others may have for compiling against ESXi 6.0, feel free to share them and I will give them a shot when I get some time!

Running Nested ESXi / VSAN Home Lab on Ravello

04/14/2015 by William Lam 3 Comments

There are many options when it comes to building and running your own vSphere home lab. There are going to be different pros and cons to each of these solutions which you will need to evaluate things like cost, performance, maintenance, ease of use and complexity to name a few. Below is a list of the currently available options to you today.

Home Lab Options:

On-Premises

Using hardware on the VMware HCL
Using Apple Mac Mini, Intel NUC, etc.
Using whitebox or off the shelf hardware

Off-Premises (hosted)

VMware HOL
VMware vCloud Air or other vCloud Air Service Providers
Colo-located labs

For example, you could purchase a couple of Apple Mac Mini's and build out a decent size vSphere environment, but it could potentially be costly and not to mention a bit limited on the memory options. Compared to other platforms, it is pretty energy efficient and easy to use and maintain. If you did not want to manage any hardware at all, you could look at a hosted or an on-demand lab such as vCloud Air which can run Nested ESXi unofficially or anyone of the many vCloud Air Service Providers. Heck, you could even use VMware Hands On Lab, though the access will be limited as you will be constrained by the pre-built labs and would not be able to directly upload or download files to the lab. However, this could be a quick way to get access to an environment for testing and best of all, it is 100% free. As you can see, there are many options for a home lab and it really just depends on your goals and what you are trying to accomplish.

Ravello says hello to Nested ESXi

Today, we have a new player entering the off-premises (hosted) option for running vSphere based home labs. I am please to announce that Ravello, a startup that uses Nested Virtualization to target dev/test workloads has just introduced beta support for running Nested ESXi on their platform. I have written about Ravello in the past and you can find more details here. Ravello uses their own home grown KVM-based nested hypervisor called HVX which runs on top of a VM provisioned by either Amazon EC2 or Google Compute Engine. As you can imagine, this was not a trivial feature to add support for especially when things like Intel-VT/AMD-V is not directly exposed to the virtual machines in EC2 or GCE which is required to run ESXi. The folks over at Ravello has solved this in a very interesting way by "emulating" the capabilities of Intel-VT/AMD-V using Binary Translation with direct execution.

Over the last month, I have had the privilege of getting early access to the Ravello platform with the Nested ESXi capability and have been providing early feedback to their R&D team to ensure the best possible user experience for customers looking to run Nested ESXi on their platform. I have also spent quite a bit of time working out the proper workflow for getting Nested ESXi running and being able to quickly scale up the number of nodes, especially useful when testing new features like VSAN 6.0. I have also been working with their team to develop a script that will allow users to quickly spin up as many Nested ESXi VMs as needed after a one time initial preparation. This will greatly simplify deployments of more than a couple of Nested ESXi VMs. Hopefully I will be able to share more details about the script in the very near future.

Before jumping into the instructions on getting Nested ESXi running on the Ravello platform, I also wanted to quickly highlight what is currently supported from a vSphere perspective as well as some of the current limitations and caveats regarding Nested ESXi that you should be aware of. Lastly, I have also provided some details around pricing so the proper expectations is set if you are considering a vSphere home lab on Ravello. You can find more information in the next few sections else you can go straight to the setup instructions.

Supports:

vCenter Server 5.x (Windows) & VCSA 5.x
vCenter Server 6.0 (Windows)
ESXi 5.x
ESXi 6.0

Caveats:

Coming from a pure vSphere background, I have enjoyed many of the simplicities that VMware has built into their core platform such as support for OVF capabilities like Dynamic Disks and Deployment Options for example. While using the Ravello platform I came across several limitations with respect to Nested ESXi and the VCSA. Below is just a quick list of the caveats that I have found while testing the platform and I have been told that many of these are being looked at and hopefully will be resolved in the future. Nonetheless, I still wanted to make sure these were called out so that you go in with the right expectations.

There is currently no support for virtuallyGhetto's Nested ESXi /VSAN VM OVF Templates (though you can import the OVFs, most of the configurations are lost)
There is currently no support for VM Advanced Settings such as marking a VMDK as an SSD or enabling UUID for disks for example (configurations are not preserved through import)
There is currently no support for VCSA 6.0 OVA due to disk controller limitation + no OVF property support, you will need to use Windows based vCenter Server for now (VCSA 5.5 is supported)
There is currently no OVF property support
There is currently no support for VMXNET3 for Nested ESXi VM, e1000 must be used due to a known network bug
Running Nested SMP-FT is not supported as 10Gbit vNICs are required and VMXNET3 is not currently supported

Pricing:

When publishing your Ravello Application, you have the option selecting two different deployment optimization. The first is optimized for cost, if TCO is what you care most about, then the platform will automatically select the cloud provider (EC2 or GCE) that is the cheapest to satisfy the requirements. The second option is to optimize based on performance and if selected, you can choose to place your application on either EC2 or GCE. In both of cases, you will be provided with an estimated cost which is broken down to compute, storage, networking as well as a final cost (per hour). Once you agree to the terms, you can then click on the "publish" button which will then deploy your workload onto the selected cloud provider.

Here is a screenshot summary view of a Ravello Application which I have built that consists of 65 VMs (1 Windows VM for vCenter Server) and 64 Nested ESXi VMs and I chose to optimize based on cost. The total price would be $17.894/hr

Note: Prices as of 04/05/2015

I also went through an exercise of going through several more configurations to give you an idea of what the cost could be for varying sized environments. Below is a table for a 3 Node, 32 Node & 64 Node VSAN setup (includes one additional VM for the vCenter Server).

# of VM	Optimization	Hosting Platform	Compute Cost	Storage Cost	Network Cost	Public IP Cost	Total Price
4	Cost	N/A	$1.09/hr	$0.0292/hr	$0.15/GB	$0.01/hr	$1.1292/hr
4	Performance	Amazon	$1.62/hr	$0.0292/hr	$0.15/GB	$0.01/hr	$1.6592/hr
4	Performance	Google	$1.38/hr	$0.0292/hr	$0.15/GB	$0.01/hr	$1.4192/hr
33	Cost	N/A	$8.92/hr	$0.1693/hr	$0.15/GB	$0.01/hr	$9.0993/hr
33	Performance	Amazon	$13.22/hr	$0.1693/hr	$0.15/GB	$0.01/hr	$13.3993/hr
33	Performance	Google	$11.24/hr	$0.1693/hr	$0.15/GB	$0.01/hr	$11.4193/hr
65	Cost	N/A	$17.56/hr	$0.324/hr	$0.15/GB	$0.01/hr	$17.894/hr
65	Performance	Amazon	$26.02/hr	$0.324/hr	$0.15/GB	$0.01/hr	$26.354/hr
65	Performance	Google	$22.12/hr	$0.324/hr	$0.15/GB	$0.01/hr	$22.454/hr

How to Setup:

Here is the process for setting up Nested ESXi on the Ravello platform. The process consists of installing a single Nested ESXi VM and "preparing" it so that it can then be used later to deploy additional unique Nested ESXi instances from the Ravello Library.

Step 1 - Upload either an ESXi 5.x or 6.0 ISO to the Library using the Ravello VM Uploader tool which you will be prompted to install.

Step 2 - Deploy the empty Ravello ESXi VM Template from the Library which has already been prepared with the required CPU ID

<ns1:cpuIds value="0000000768747541444d416369746e65" index="f00d”/>

Adding the above CPU ID will enable the emulation of Intel VT-x/AMD-V. If you decide to create your own Ravello VM Template, you will need to perform this operation yourself which is only available today via their REST API today, you can find more details here.

Step 3 - Add a CD-ROM device to the Nested ESXi VM by highlighting the ESXi VM and under "Disks" (yes, this was not intuitive for me either)

Once you have added the CD-ROM, you will want to mount the ESXi ISO.

Step 4 - Power on the Nested ESXi VM and perform a regular installation of ESXi as you normally would.

At this point, you have now successfully installed Nested ESXi on Ravello! The next series of step is to "prepare" this ESXi image so that it can be duplicated (cloned) to deploy additional instances without causing conflicts, else you would have to perform this step N-number of times for additional nodes which I am sure many of you would not want to do. The steps outlined here will be following the process which I have documented in my How to properly clone a Nested ESXi VM? article.

Step 5 - Login to the console of ESXi VM and run the following ESXCLI command:

esxcli system settings advanced set -o /Net/FollowHardwareMac -i 1

Note: If you wish to connect to the ESXi VM directly for ease of use versus going through the remote console. You can go to "Services" tab for the VM and enable external access as seen in the screenshot below.

Step 6 - Edit /etc/vmware/esx.conf and remove the uuid entry and then run /sbin/auto-backup.sh to ensure the changes have been saved.

At this point, you have prepared a vanilla Nested ESXi VM. You can save this image into the Ravello Library and you can deploy additional instances and by default Ravello platform is set for DHCP. You can of course change it to DHCP reservations so you get a particular IP Address or specifying a static IP Address assignment.

If you wish to prepare the Nested ESXi VM for use with VSAN, then you will need to run through these additional steps:

Create a claim rule to mark the 4GB VMDK as SSD
Enable VSAN traffic type on vmk0

Step 7 - I have also enabled remote logging as well as suppress any shell warnings and you just need to run the snippet below within the ESXi Shell

DEVICE=$(esxcli storage core device list | grep -iE '( Display Name: | Size: )' | grep -B1 4096 | grep mpx | awk -F '(' '{print $2}' | sed 's/)//g');esxcli storage nmp satp rule add -s VMW_SATP_LOCAL -d $DEVICE -o enable_ssd;esxcli storage core claiming reclaim -d $DEVICE;esxcli vsan network ipv4 add -i vmk0;esxcli system syslog config set --loghost=10.0.0.100;esxcli system settings advanced set -o /UserVars/SuppressShellWarning -i 1

Step 8 -

If you wish to setup 32 Nodes with VSAN 1.0, then you will need to run this additional command:

esxcli system settings advanced set -o /CMMDS/goto11 -i 1

If you wish to setup 64 Nodes with VSAN 6.0, then you will need to run this additional command:

esxcli system settings advanced set -o /VSAN/goto11 -i 1

At this point, you have completed preparing your Nested ESXi VM. You can now save your image to the Ravello Library and once that has been done, you can now easily clone additional Nested ESXi instances by simply dragging/dropping into your canvas from the Ravello Library. For vCenter Server, if you are setting up a vSphere 5.x environment you will need to upload the VCSA and go through the normal configuration using the VAMI UI. For vCenter Server 6.0, you will not be able to use the VCSA 6.0 because there is a limitation in the platform today that does not support it. At this time, you will need to deploy and install a Windows VM and then install the vCenter Server 6.0 installation.

I of course had some fun with the Ravello platform and below are some screenshots of running both a 32 Node VSAN Cluster (vSphere 5.5) as well as a 64 Node VSAN Cluster (vSphere 6.0) Overall, I thought it was a pretty good experience. There were definitely some sluggishness while installing vCenter Server bits and navigating through the vSphere Web Client. It took a little over 40min which was almost double the amount of time that I have seen in my home lab. I was told that VNC might perform better than RDP, though RDP is what Ravello folks recommend for connecting to a Windows based desktop. It is great to see another option for running vSphere home labs and I think the performance is probably acceptable for most people and hopefully it will continue to improve in the future. I definitely recommend giving Ravello a try and who knows, it might be the platform of choice for your vSphere home lab.