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Packer reference for PhotonOS Arm NFS Virtual Appliance using OVF properties for ESXi-Arm

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In case the title was not descriptive enough, I was curious if I could build an Arm Virtual Appliance (OVA) using OVF properties that would allow for all sorts of interesting guest customizations which I have blogged about before here, here, here and here using x86 PhotonOS as a reference implementation. My idea for this actually pre-dated the release of the ESXi on Arm Fling, but it was only until recently with support for VMware Tools for Photon OS Arm, was I able to finally piece together this solution.

It was also neat to see that I could build an Arm OVA using x86 tooling (Packer and OVFTool) which ran on my desktop and you simply needed an ESXi-Arm host. This really goes to show the level of compatibility from a management and vSphere API point of view that an ESXi-Arm host behaves just like a standard x86 ESXi host!

To demonstrate a more interesting use case than just basic network customization for the ?first? Arm OVA, I thought it would be useful to setup a simple NFS appliance that would take input from the user such the size of the exported volume (default 60GB) and then the name of the mount point. Upon first boot up, there is a guest customization script that would read in the OVF properties and configure the networking, OS password and NFS server configuration which you can certainly use to host your Arm VMs.

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Quick Tip – vmware-iso builder for Packer now supported with ESXi 7.0

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When vSphere 7.0 GA'ed earlier this year, one of the changes that I had noticed while going through the release notes was the removal of the VNC Server on ESXi. By default, this is disabled but users could enable it on a per-VM basis and connect to a specific VM using VNC. Not many customers used this feature and it made sense on why it was removed.

However, one implication is that if you use HashiCorp Packer and the vmware-iso builder to created automated images with ESXi, it will no longer work after upgrading to ESXi 7.0 as Packer relies on this VNC interface to send automated keystrokes to a VM as part of its automation. After learning about this change with vSphere 7.0, I filed a Packer Github Enhanacement to see if someone would be open to re-implementing the keystrokes functionality by leveraging the vSphere HTML5 Console SDK which would then allow for the use of VNC over websockets. The PR was closed about a month ago and while recently working on the vCenter Event Broker Appliance (VEBA) project, I finally got a chance to verify the feature after upgrading my physical ESXi host to latest 7.0 Update 1 and happy to share that the vmware-iso builder now functions as before.

The following two lines should be added to your Packer template:

"vnc_over_websocket": true
"insecure_connection": true

For reference, you can also refer to the VEBA Packer template

An alternative workaround is to use the vsphere-iso builder which leverages the vSphere USB scan codes API to send keystrokes into a VM without having to rely on the VNC interface. One downside is that you do need have a vCenter Server as the vsphere-iso builder interacts with the vSphere API on vCenter Server rather than directly going to ESXi and this would also impact anyone using Free ESXi to build their Packer images.

The primary reason that I had not switched over to the vsphere-iso builder was that I had quite a few Packer templates using the vmware-iso builder and the syntax was not portable between the two. For this reason alone, I decided to hold off upgrading my physical ESXi host to 7.0 until now.

Packer reference for building PhotonOS Virtual Appliance using OVF properties 

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I was introduced to HashiCorp Packer several years back by Timo  Tsugliani, who if you are not following on Twitter, you are missing a TON of really useful nuggets which this guys shares both VMware/IT related and cool stuff. I am constantly learning about new things things from Timo and this guys is just a wealth of knowledge if you get the chance to work with him. At the time, I had played with Packer for a bit but did not have an actual use case for it, so I mostly forgot about it.

Fast forward a few years later and with recent projects like the vCenter Event Broker Appliance (VEBA) Fling, I have really spent time learning about Packer in greater depth and I now realize how powerful Packer is for building various artifacts including VMware-based templates that is not only easy but consistently from source control.  It took me awhile to get to the aha moment but now I use Packer for so many different things to help simplify my life.

With the recent open sourcing of our VEBA Fling which includes the use of PhotonOS and Packer, I was reminded of a blog series that I did earlier on how to build your own Linux and/or Windows Virtual Appliance using OVF properties (Part 1, Part 2 and Part 3). I realized it would have been useful to have an actual reference implementation on building a very simple PhotonOS Virtual Appliance that exercises some basic OVF properties so folks could quickly get started beyond the manual steps that were documented.  I was also motivated by a chat I had with Luc Dekens (Godfather of PowerCLI) last week on some of the Automation he was trying to with PhotonOS and I figured this might be something he and others could also benefit from.

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List of VMware CLIs, SDKs & DevOps Tools

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A frequent question that I get asked from customers and new developers that are looking to get started with VMware Automation is what CLIs (command-line interfaces) or SDKs (programing/scripting specific languages) are available for them to use? I know it is not always easy to find out what is available on the VMware.com website and some times I even have trouble browsing for all the right information as it is located in many different places. I figure it would be helpful not only for myself but also for others if I put together a list of the various VMware CLIs, SDKs and even some of the new DevOps Tools that VMware has been working on that are available to our customers/developers and partners. I have also included a couple of community tools that I think are pretty interesting. If there are others that you think I should add to the list, feel free and leave a comment.

Note: This is by no means a comprehensive list of every single VMware product/toolkit as there are many many more, including gated SDKs specifically for our partner eco-system. For more details on those API/SDKs, be sure to check out the VMware Developer Center.

UPDATE (4/20) - VMware now has an Open Source page on Github http://vmware.github.io/

VMware Cloud Native Apps:

VMware DevOps Tools:

vCloud Air:

vCloud Director:

vSphere:

vRealize Management Suite:

VMware Community Tools: